My Contraband And Brothers By Alcott Essays - Ned, The Lucy Poems

My Contraband And Brothers By Alcott Of all the atrocities, man has endured; none has caused more misery and destruction to the soul than human bondage, also identified as slavery. It is illustrated in Louisa May Alcott's story: "My Contraband," originally published "The Brothers." The Civil War was fought over slavery. It pitted brother against brother, but this did not kill these brothers, it was the deep and festering hatred they had for each other that sent them to their early graves. The story these individuals create is complex and depressing; the main character, Robert is a contraband (a slave who has come to the North to seek freedom). Instead of finding freedom, he finds his half brother Ned and his wife Lucy. After the death of his master, Robert arrives from the South to freedom in the North to work in a hospital caring for wounded men of the war. His assignment is to help Miss Dane, a nurse, tend to a dying Rebel. Miss Dane appears to be the narrator in the story She is aware of Robert's troubled existence and observes despair from the moment their encounter. Upon their first meeting, she sensed sadness from deep within him she remarked, "I had seen colored people in what they call "the black sulks" when, for days, they neither smiled nor spoke, and scarcely ate. But, this was something more than that" (528). Miss Dane appears to be a compassionate person; nursing comes easy to her and she lacks intolerance regarding Robert's color. She had wanted"to know and comfort him; and following the impulse of the moment I went in and touched him on the shoulder"(529). This is an example of her compassionate view of the contraband. She believed that "black boys are far more faithful and handy than some of the white scamps" (528). Robert is content to stay with the rebel even though he has typhoid. When Miss Dane informs Robert that since he himself has never contracted this disease, he may become infected with it, he states, "It don't matter, Missis. I'd rather be up here with the fever than down with those niggers; and there isn't no other place for me." (530). For seven days, Miss Dane nursed the Rebel and for these seven days, he did regain consciousness. At times his presence could not be felt, until in his feverish state he begins to ramble on. At times his rambling would be incoherent other times she would be able to understand what he was saying. On this night the Doctor is skeptical about his survival he instructs her to "Give him water as long as he can drink, and if he drops into a natural sleep, it may save him...Nothing but sleep or a miracle will keep him now..." (531). At that moment the Rebel called out for "Lucy" (531). Miss Dane felt "some new terror seemed to have gifted him with momentary strength" (531). She went to his side exclaiming, "Yes, here's Lucy" (531) this agitated the Rebel even further. It was evident when "His dull eye fixed upon me, dilating with a bewildered look he broke out fiercely That's a lie she's dead, and so's Bob, damn him" (531). Miss Dane dozed off, she awoke with a shock as she sprang up she felt "A strong hand put me back into my seat and held me there" (532). It was Robert, he stood there his "eyes full of sombre fire;" (532). Miss Dane was confused and stunned by these events. Robert was calm and told her "Sit still, Missus; I won' hurt yer...but you waked up to soon (533). She "saw murder in his eyes" (533) and began to plead with Robert. She questioned him "Why do you hate him? He is not your master" (533). Robert's reply, "He's my brother" (533), astonished her. Even though she was trying to grasp this information, her mind was attempting to derive a plan to hang on to her life and the Rebels. Again, she pleaded with Robert only this time not for an explanation. She feared for her life and for the Rebels but seeing Roberts mind was full of revenge and hatred, she needed to know why. She pressed Robert further until he agreed; he had been waiting to kill the Rebel until he found out about Lucy. Miss Dane questioned, "Who's Lucy" (534), his reply "My wife- he took her" (534) only incited her curiosity further. She persuaded him to tell her his life. Ned is his half-brother

A Study On The Community Report Social Policy Essays

A Study On The Community Report Social Policy Essays A Study On The Community Report Social Policy Essay A Study On The Community Report Social Policy Essay The Community Report and profile given here is that of Bolton County in Lancashire within the ZIP code of BL3. The community statistics have been obtained from National Statistics Office and the profile drawn is that of Bolton that is marked as part 026D on the map. The Bolton vicinity has 1,570 occupants and Bolton local authorization has 262,300 occupants ( 2007 estimations, Census, NSO 2009 ) . The population statistics with male and female count harmonizing to latest studies show that the male members of the community are lower at 742 with higher figure of females within the vicinity. THE COMMUNITY Age: Sing the community profile the per centum of people in each age set in the vicinity is highest for the aged as persons above 65 old ages of age are the most common occupants in the vicinity with 24 % of persons above 65 old ages of age followed by kids below the age of 15 old ages who comprise of 21 % of the population. About 20 % of the population is in-between aged above 45 old ages and below 65 old ages ( NSO, 2009 ) . The high figure of aged occupants besides reflects on the societal attitudes and such a society is more likely to be spiritual, conservative and traditional. The demographics of the population is given in a graph below which shows that Bolton is chiefly an aged community that in bend reflects on the work civilization, employment rates and benefits claims which are discussed subsequently in this study. Apart from Age, race and wellness, lodging, environment and long term unwellnesss, this study besides focuses on employment and labor, benefits claim, offense rates and the physical environment including handiness of verdure and greenspace. Population information shows chiefly a white Christian predominant population and this would intend that the community may hold closed attitudes towards societal inclusion of other groups and races and bias could be really high. Race: The white population in Bolton is somewhat lower than the white population in the whole of England with higher population of Asia and Asiatic British communities in Bolton country. In fact 87.5 % persons are White as compared with 88.2 % white population in England. The minority assorted group every bit good as Blacks and Chinese or other race are really few in figure. This would likely necessitate more widely distributed accent and more non white persons could be encouraged to shack in Bolton and a societal inclusion programme could be implemented to increase the widely distributed population of the community. The Christian community is really strong in Bolton with 78 % Christians in the vicinity entirely and 74.6 % Christians in Bolton. Muslim population is higher than the national norm at 7.1 % and 10.8 % indicated that they had no faith ( NSO, 2009 ) . The Life anticipation of males at birth are lower than national norm at 75.5 % and life anticipation at birth for females is at 79.9 % , once more lower than that of England which is at 82 % . Concept of adult females below the age of 17 per 1000 is 47.2 and higher than the national norm of 41.7 which suggests that teenage construct and gestation could be one of the serious wellness issues for the county. Infant mortality or decease of babies under the age of 1 is 6.2 per 1000 in Bolton compared with the National norm of 5.1 deceases per 1000 kids. General wellness By general wellness the people were asked whether they suffered from restricting unwellnesss or had wellness jobs or disablements that would curtail day-to-day activities or work. The persons when asked to rate their wellness as good, just or non good, indicated the undermentioned consequences. The tabular array shows that with the BL3 vicinity community, wellness conditions are drastically hapless when compared with the national and 54.5 % claimed to hold good wellness when the national norm is at 68.8 % ( NSO, 2009 ) . Fair is besides higher at 27.4 % for persons within the vicinity although the Bolton council and national mean consequences on just wellness were the same at 22.2 % persons bespeaking that they have just wellness. Equally high as 18.2 % of persons in the vicinity has indicated a status of hapless or deteriorating wellness and this is dual the national norm as seen in the tabular array. This tabular array is important and suggests that the community wellness profile i s instead weak and the community suffers from poorer wellness installations or intervention and diagnosing so the general perceptual experience on wellness status is instead hapless and more negative than present in other counties. The tabular array is given below: Peoples s wellness and wellness perceptual experiences have a close relation with long term unwellnesss with really high proportions of restricting long term unwellness at 33.1 % . As indicated by persons in the vicinity and this is significantly high or about double when England s long term unwellness per centums are considered at 17.9 % . This is besides true for working age grownups with long term unwellness at 26.8 % ( NSO, 2009 ) . The statistics show the turning wellness concern in the part with long term and debilitating unwellnesss being significantly higher than in other counties. Poor wellness of community members in general and presence of long term unwellness in the working grownup particularly adversely affects the work civilization, productiveness, and the handiness of labor that in bend may be holding an impact on the economic system as they besides associated with employment rates. Long term unwellness The employment rates and labor markets are understood through the economic activity rates, through employment and unemployment rates and the economic activity and employment and unemployment rates of Bolton are about near to England s rates although may be somewhat lower, yet the labor and economic issues are clearly non major concerns every bit much as wellness and long term unwellness is. However as seen from the chart, the per centum of jobseeker allowance is higher than the national norm at 6 % for the vicinity although for England it is at 2 % . Working age benefits are at a really high 35 % with incapacity benefits at 21 % and both these figures are manner above the national norm which is 14 % and 7 % severally ( NSO, 2009 ) . This tabular array would propose how long term unwellness among working grownups being really high in Bolton has pressurized the benefits system with 35 % seeking working age benefits and 21 % seeking incapacity benefits ( NSO, 2009 ) . Although unemploym ent rates are non significantly high, the benefits claim being really high seems to bespeak a job with the economic system and the employment system or the handiness of appropriate occupations in the community. It is of import to acknowledge this spread between employment rates and benefits and it is besides of import to find how long term unwellnesss of working age grownups are making force per unit area on the employment system. The occupational informations for people in employment show that skilled trades business and simple business are highest in the vicinity and higher than the national norm. However professional businesss and director and senior degree functionaries are lower in figure when compared to the remainder of England proposing that high degree accomplishments possibly absent in the community bespeaking the demand for better chances for occupants and immature people to heighten their professional accomplishments and managerial degree experiences. Housing status The lodging status of the edifices of occupants follow the Decent Home Standard ( DHS ) each local authorization uses this to mensurate the general criterion of its brooding stock. ( National Statistics, 2009 ) The tabular array above shows that the homes of Bolton tend to follow the basic criterions for a Decent Home as when England s per centum of edifices below nice place criterion is 26.2 % , in Bolton all places maintain a basic criterion of brooding. The Bolton places besides have a 57 % energy efficiency evaluation. Equally far as recorded offense rates are concerned, force against a individual within a twelvemonth was at 3,985 with hurt count at 1,778. Larceny from motor vehicles was high at 3,220 and burglary in a home was at 2,143. Burglary from topographic points other than homes was at 1,830 and condemnable amendss were at a high of 5,941 ( NSO, 2009 ) . The tabular array of recorded offenses shows that offense rates are phenomenally high in Bolton with condemnable harm through incendiarism and force against individual incidences really high and larceny from a motor vehicle and burglary in or outside a home besides high. The physical environment is based on land already used for developments and domestic edifices comprise of 10.7 % of the physical environment and non domestic edifices are 3.3 % . However domestic gardens in the community vicinity are much higher in proportion than the national norm at above 30 % compared with the 4.3 % in England and 14.1 % in Bolton. However Greenspace is significantly low in the vicinity with 33.4 % of Greenspace compared with 63.3 % of Greenspace in Bolton and 87.5 % in England. This suggests that Greenspace and verdure will hold to be increased in the vicinity and besides in Bolton and as domestic gardens are found in high per centum, it may be possible to increase public verdure or public gardens and Parkss in Bolton and the vicinity. It is of import to increase the country of Greenspace in both the community vicinities where Greenspace is significantly low and in Bolton county itself. However the physical environment along with route installations is quite equa l and transport links are really superior in the Bolton country. However land available for development figures show that whereas 62,130 hectares of land are available throughout England, 22 hectares of land are available for usage in Bolton. NEEDS OF THE COMMUNITY Bradshaw s four types of basic demands of a community and Maslow s theory of demands hierarchy could supply the theoretical model for demands issues within a community and the informations obtained could be interpreted in conformity with these demands. Bradshaw provided a forced construct of demand and suggested that demands could be defined within sociological contexts and could therefore be normative that are specified by professionals as in instance of medical specialty or intervention in health care. Needs could associate to desires or wants as in felt demands, expressed demands are more vocalized on how people use services ( Bradshaw, 1972 ) and comparative demands show how demands originating in one state of affairs could hold similarities with people populating in another socio-demographic part with different set of features ( Bradshaw, 1994 ) . In the context of Bolton, some of the demands of the community could be better wellness attention installations, more commissariats to take up managerial and professional occupations and high employment rates and low offense rates. In fact unemployed young person attention deficit disorder to offense rates within a community and therefore felt demands of people in commanding offense would be most important along with the comparative demands of better employment chances and more managerial degree occupations that could heighten the socioeconomic degree of the community. Maslow s theory of hierarchy of demands suggest that persons are foremost concerned about safety, security followed by love, power, societal position and eventually necessitate to follow self realization ( Maslow, 1954 ) . Health needs in this instance could be considered as basic safety and security demands and should be of primary concern to any authorities. Decision In decision, several issues could be highlighted here and the community study file shows that wellness installations and intervention are one of the most important demands of the community that would travel a long manner in controling long term unwellness in the community and this would be followed by bettering the employment rate and commanding offense within the county. Mentions: Bradshaw J. 1972. A taxonomy of societal demand. In: Mclachlan G, editor. Problems and come on in medical attention: essays on current research. 7th series. Oxford, Nuffield Provincial Hospital Trust Bradshaw J. 1994. The contextualisation and measuring of demand: a societal policy position. In: Popay J and Williams G, editor. Researching the People s Health. London, Routledge Doyal L, Gough I. 1992. A theory of human demand. Hampshire and London, MacMillan Press Ltd DoH. 1992.The wellness of the state: a scheme for wellness in England. London, Department of Health Maslow, Abraham ( 1954 ) . Motivation and Personality. New York: Harpist NSO National Statistics Online ( 2009 ) Community Statistics for Bolton, BL3, accessed 2009

Corporate Finance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Corporate Finance - Assignment Example Imagining we were able to tell the future, we could plot out when would be the best time to buy property based on the fact if the market was running high or low. If the market was running especially low, it would probably be a good time to buy in. One wants to buy in for a period of 18 months where it is mostly going to be seen as being low. This increases the chances that we, as the investor, would most likely be able to pick up a lot of properties using the $10,000,000-dollar cushion. Now, the reason that companies not doing so well is good for other types of businesses is simple. When stock values are low, it is a good time to buy into those stocks because when stock prices rise, they will be worth more in value. Similarly, if one buys a lot of properties, but perhaps let us say that they are not particularly worth much at the time they are bought-it is untowardly possible, albeit untowardly, that the properties bought may escalate in value. When and if that happens, the investor seeks to make a profit. While values are low in stocks and in real estate, this is the investor's dream. While he can buy stocks and real estate relatively cheaply, since many people are in a bad state of affairs financially, he will later reap the financial rewards of having taken advantage of the low prices. Investors will short stocks when [prices decline]."1 Obviously, for this particular project, we wou

Evaluation and critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Evaluation and critique - Essay Example ecomes handy in facilitating the interaction the different variety are thus harnessed through multitasking; proving a significant advantage over them. As a result, what one may view as a shortcoming of someone in just focusing on one vent at a time may present a chance for collaborating different activities via multitasking (Davidson 26). Coupled with the other tips of how to maintain keeping attention for long stretches of time, multitasking provides a rational way of perceiving different activities thereby increasing the probability of success. This is achieved through the enhancement if the ability to unravel problems and other mishaps and at the same time propose amicable strategies that could result into their solutions. Attention that is multitasked is able to split every task in to various parts to other dedicated parts of the brain (Davidson 33). This in turn improves the capability to process the multiple events taking place at the same duration of time, thus overcoming attention blindness. Multitasking is very important in ensuring that a lot of information is registered by the brain especially during instances where there is limited timed framed and not a single event can be allocated its individual time for taking place. This helps to contend with the modern trend of information overload and put up with t he grueling fact that the digital instruments designed in this modern age are formatted in such a way that they do not have a center node that disseminates one piece of information so that people can only listen and focus their attention to one particular information stream (Davidson 42). Employing multitasking and collaboration in studies can be efficient in helping students share their opinions more conveniently. Multitasking and collaboration not only help students in sharing information but also but are also the perfect remedy for attention blindness. Collaboration focused on difference has the implication that problems with high level of

What Ministerial Ordination Means to Me Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

What Ministerial Ordination Means to Me - Essay Example Everyone can access it but not everyone chooses to focus on it, or emphasizes it in daily living or honours it first. Being ordained means that I do. Those who do not understand have challenged me with the charge that being non-denominational means practicing a hodge podge of bits and pieces that do not come down from a direct scriptural lineage. In my ministry, I practice Integrated Energy Therapy (IET), which involves releasing the energy patterns from the past, which limit one’s capacity for power and joy. The outcome of this healing modality is that the person becomes empowered and balanced. In order to do this work, I too must allow any energy patterns from the past to be released, so that I too empowered and balanced. Only from this place can I help others. I make myself available for communication with angels. I make use of the violet energy ray, with the help of healing angels, to work directly with the client’s 12 strand DNA. ... Energy flows through me and is accepted by the client, applied to wherever it is needed. My intention is only to make my body and spirit available for this energy to flow through, without obstruction. Being ordained is a marking of this understanding that it is not me, not my agenda, not my power, but is universal energy moving though me. Being ordained is a declaration of availability. Being ordained means keeping myself in a positive energetic space, as much as possible, so that I can model and invite positive influence for the benefit of my clients. It means that I consistently think about what is good and beneficial, because the Law of Attraction teaches that like attracts like. Focusing on dark thoughts will invite darkness, but focusing on positive thoughts invites the Light. I have heard the opinion expressed that a minister is called by God, that being ordained is an affirmative reply to that call. To me, being ordained is a seal on my commitment to myself, the channeling of cosmic energy and to my community. It is a formal answer to the cosmic call I have heard with my deepest being. This call is an invitation to take on responsibility to organize my life ministry, to serve others, to provide an example of living in which every act is sacred. I am human and therefore I have ignorance, jealousy, vanity, insecurity, fear, greed, and other obstructions of the Light. How can I lead? I am, at the same time, blessed with compassion, empathy, an open heart, appreciation, the sight of miracles, and other gifts that promote contact with the Light. Through grace, I reach for Light, and I help others who long for it, as I do. But what is my tradition and what are its boundaries? Ordination means being connected to a

Impact of Organizational Culture on Strategic Advantage

Impact of Organizational Culture on Strategic Advantage Impact of Organizational Culture on the achievement of Strategic Advantages of ERP in Pakistan ABSTRACT This study looks at the relationship that organizational culture has with the achievement of Strategic advantages from implementing Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software. A sample of 30 organizations that implemented ERP was used to test the hypotheses. A competing values approach to measuring organizational culture was used to quantitatively measure an organizations culture profile. The results show that the organizations culture is significantly related to the achievement of strategic advantages from implementing ERP 1. Introduction This paper studies the relationship between Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and organizational Culture. ERP is buzz word now days with every company implementing from different models coined by different vendors in order to stay in the competition and to ensure that its operations are efficient and effective. Through ERP the organizations are able to achieve low costs of procurement, production, inventory distribution etc hence streamlines whole value chain that includes various primary secondary activities. These are pivotal in making any organization successful and taking it ahead of competition. Furthermore higher turnovers, reduced cycle times, inventory levels and financial operations can be given a face-lift to meet the challenges of the modern global recession the world is observing. ERP refer to the integrated way of carrying out all or major / core operations of the company. Organizations now regard ERP as a vital tool for the enhancement of their business operations by implementing most of its functions if not all of their processes under a single information system in an endeavor to benefit from the strategic advantages that ERP offers. Organizational culture is a vital notion in organizational analysis. In past few years, there has been a lot of focus on the development of organizational cultures that are conducive of achieving better results and higher performance motivational levels of the employees. Organizational culture can be described as an abstract composite of assumptions, values, and artifacts shared by its members [that] can be reliably represented by the valueswhich drive its members attitudes and activities (Howard, 1998, p. 234). The model proposed in this study advocates that there is an essential connection between an organizations culture and the achievement of strategic advantages from ERP. A Competing Values approach to measuring organizational culture is used to provide an empirical measure for an organizations culture (Quin and Spreitzer, 1991). The competing values approach provides a profile of four cultural archetypes occupied by a particular organization. These archetypes are group, hierar chical, developmental and rational cultures. The combination of the archetypes describes the organizations culture profile. The primary question this study attempts to answer is how does Organizational cultural profiles affects the achievement of strategic advantages of ERP. 2. Literature review: This segment will appraise the pertinent Literature touching ERP and Organizational Culture. 2.1 Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is relatively a new concept however now a days almost every organization ranging from small to large enterprise, devotes a major portion of its developmental budgets on the implementation of ERP software. ERP is not merely software but an approach of carrying out business operations in the modern times where technology plays a decisive role in making an organization a success story or failure. However An ERP software system can be described as a set of integrated business applications, or modules, to carry out most business functions, including inventory control, general ledger accounting, accounts payable, accounts receivable, material requirements planning, order management and human resources, among others. (Martin et al., 1999). ERP is a technique to bring all of an organizations data and IS /IT resources under a single Information system (Oliver, 1999). The author affirms that ERP systems evolved to help organizations manage their information t hrough-out the Company, from the plant to the back office, and or the front office. (Oliver, 1999, pg. 12). ERP intends to integrate its core if not all of an organizations processes under a single ERP system. The processes can be seen in terms of a value chain (Porter, 1985), which connects the suppliers to the organization to the customers. For example, imagine a system where the customer orders a product over the Internet (ecommerce). As soon as the customer places the order, it is automatically sent to the manufacturing department, while at the same time sent to the accounting department for billing- The use of materials by the manufacturing department depletes the stock, therefore a parts order is sent automatically to the supplier when reorder points are reached for replenishment of the stock. In traditional systems, time would be required for the sending of the messages between departments, for the reordering of the parts, and the billing of the customer. ERP intends to automate these systems to achieve a number of strategic advantages- Implementation of ERP software can allow an organization certain strategic advantages (Radding, 1999, Stein 1998). The literature tells us that organizations can benefit from greater flexibility, increased efficiency (Radding, 1999), improved communication, Lower operating costs, increased revenue (Oliver, 1999). Reduced cycle times, better collaboration and higher profit margins (Stein, 1998). These strategic advantages affect not only the organization, but can affect all members of an organizations value chain. ERP is a system that seeks to unite all of a value chains disparate processes. An organizations value chain represents all of the different processes that involve organizational resources and that are needed to support the organizations operations. Porter(1985) developed a model of an organizations value chain. This model of the value chain contains 9 processes; 5 primary processes, and 4 support processes. The organizations primary processes involve the production and delivery of the organizations products to the consumer (Bergeron, 1991). The processes involved in the primary activity are inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and customer service. The organizations secondary business processes represent the support processes for the primary activities and are, administrative coordination and support, human resource management, technology development, and procurement of resources. Implementation of ERP systems where carried a number of strategic nature of benefits, on the other hand it bears extreme risks. The growing numbers of Unsuccessful stories have compelled managers to take a deep look into the causes of it. ERP tries to push the logic that the system has which is conflicting with the Business. It may sometimes also lead to integration where decentralization fragmentation may best suite the organization. Furthermore, ERP may force the organization to go for generic processes than customization. Therefore ERP has to go along with technology and culture (Davenport, 1998). In contemporary organizations the data generation takes place at scattered places and the magnitude of the data is huge. Therefore a real time access to the data becomes imperative for the data in deal with such complex nature of information. ERP aligns all the information into various functions like finance, operations, sales, Customer relation etc subject to the nature of business an organization is into. Enterprise resource planning system (ERP), as a type III IS innovation, has strategic Significance for the organization due to their integration into the core business processes or strategies can directly impact the firms performance (Swanson 1994; Sambamurthy et al. 2003; Sample 1998). Consequently, many companies have started to develop strategy focusing on information technologies, with ERP adoption being a critical thrust (Bharadwaj 2000; Powell and Dent-Micallef 1997; Robey et al. 2002). on the other hand, whereas the firm is on the lookout for competitive advantages by adopting this sophisticated information system, the tangible experiences have reveal ambiguity – some organization are able to reap the true benefits of ERP whereas on the other hand majority of the firms face losses and failed to achieve the desired level of strategic and tactical benefits. (Scott and Vessey 2002). According to the survey conducted by Deloitte, the success rate of ERP implementation is le ss than 20%. Hence it is important for researcher to unlock the mystery of benefit realization in ERP adoption and theorize the important predictors effect on ERP implementation practice (Brown and Vessey 2003). Other than strategic benefit, ERP also contributes toward making an organizational structure more flatter flexible, enabling organization to streamline their management structures and more democratic organization. On the other hand it also involve the centralization of control over information and the standardization of processes, which are attributes more consistent with hierarchical command and control organization with uniform cultures (Davenport, 1998). 2.2 Organizational culture: Culture can be seen from a number of different levels. Of interest to business are the concepts of national culture and organizational culture. National culture is important due to a more global economy where communication technicalities have begun to evolve. It is also important to the study of information systems technology and management. For example, Watson et al. (1994) looked at national culture as king a dimension, in a study looking at Group Support Systems success. This experimental study involved looking at the differences between groups from the U.S. and Singapore. For the majority of the business Literature on culture the level of analysis has dropped to the organization. The importance of studying an organizations culture is, like ERP and BPR, a fairly new concept- An organizations culture can be defined by a number of constructs, such as the symbols, language, ideology, beliefs, rituals, and myths that affect an individuals behavior (Pettigrew, 1979). According to Pettigrew (1979), the culture constructs exist to provide some form of commitment to the established order. Hofstede et al. (1990) proposes a model of culture that is made up of values and practices. The practices reflect member beliefs about symbols, heroes and myths. In an exploratory analysis, Hofstede et aI. (1990) found three factors affecting the values, yet, the core of organizational culture was represented by six dimensions of organizational practices. The dimensions represent opposing ideologies as to what constitutes proper practices. Using the dimensions of organizational practices, Hofstede (1998) identified 3 distinct subcultures within 131 different work groups. The three subcultures represented include a professional subculture, an administrative subculture, and a cus tomer interface subculture. Quinn and Rohrbaugh (1983) developed a quantitative measure of organizational effectiveness, which was later successfully used to study organization culture (see Kalliath et al., 1999, Howard, 1998, Quinn and Spreitzer, 199 1, Zammuto and Krakower, 199 1, Yeung et al., 1991). Quinn and Rohrbaugh (1983) exploratory study revealed that organizational effectiveness cm be represented by three distinct dimensions, a focus dimension (internal vs. external point of view), a structure dimension (flexibility vs. control orientation) and a means vs. ends dimensions. The authors call the resulting approach the Competing Values Approach to measuring organizational culture. The model in figure 2 represents the competing values approach. In figure one, each quadrant represents an ideal type of culture. A particular organization need not be classified exclusively as having one type of culture, but can be considered as containing elements from the four culture types, yet one type may be dominant (Quinn and Spreitzer,1991, Cameron and Freeman, 1991, Yeung et al., 1991). Each culture type is measured using four items, which are aggregated to achieve a culture profile- The core values of the Group culture are belonging, trust and participation, which are motivated by factors of attachment, cohesiveness and membership (Denison and Spreitzer, 1991). Like the group culture, the developmental culture also emphasis flexibility but focuses its attention on the external environment. Productivity, performance, goal fulfillment and achievement are the important f actors for the rational culture. These cultures emphasize the pursuit and attainment of well-defined objectives. Finally, for the hierarchical culture, the focus is on the logic of the internal Organization and the emphasis is on stability- (Denison and Spreitzer, 1991, pg. 6) As the authors state, the motivating factors for this quadrant include security, order, rules, and regulations. A number of studies have been done, looking at and validating this framework. Quinn and Spreitzer (1991) performed a multitrait-multi-method analysis as well as multidimensional scaling on two competing values instruments (one using an ipsative scale measure, the other using a likert type scale measure), The authors found evidence for both convergent and discriminant validity. Zammuto and Krakower (1991) looked for relationships between culture and other organizational variables including, centralization, moral, administrator credibility, conflict, strategic orientation and culture strength- Authors state that evidence for construct validity exists due to the correlation of the competing values measure of cultur e and the other variables stated. Yeung et al. (1991) studied the competing values measure of culture in relation to organizational performance, culture strength and human resource practices- In a cluster analysis, the authors found that organizations from their study could be classified into 5 distinct culture types (or profiles). More recently, the competing values framework was again validated in two more studies (see Howard, 1998, Kalliath, 1999). The next section will look at some of the literature on assimilation and organizational culture change. Denison (1996) gave another perspective of culture by trying to research whether organizational culture and organizational climate were two different points of views or just a matter of perception. He further said that there are similarities differences at the time same time. Measurement of organizational culture is usually carried through qualitative analysis and deals with individuals set of beliefs, shared norms perception. Organizational climate on the other hand is measured through quantitative methods like questionnaire and print outs etc. Other factors also helped to differentiate these two topics in the literature. Culture researchers were more anxious with the progress of social systems over time (Mirvis Sales, 1990; Mohr, 1982; Pettigrew, 1979; Rohlen, 1974; Schein, 1985, 1990; Van Maanen, 1979), whereas climate researchers were generally less concerned with evolution but more concerned with the impact that organizational systems have on groups and individuals (Ekvall, 1987; Joyce Slocum, 1984; Koyes DeCotiis, 1991). The research also addressed to where does this organizational culture climate originates. Chatman (1989) says â€Å"In order for researchers to understand and predict behavior, they must consider both person and situation factors and how these factors interact. Even though organization researchers have developed interactional models, many have overemphasized either person or situation components and most have failed to consider the effects that persons have on situations. Using a Q-sort methodology, individual value profiles are compared to organizational value profiles to determine fit and to predict changes in values, norms, and behaviors†. By this we understand that both the organization individuals beliefs norms compliments each other and have an impact on over organizational environment which people and policies constitutes. Therefore the significance of any single factor can never be underestimated while evaluating the type of profile organization maintains in terms of its culture. Organizational effectiveness have long been a very vital area for the researchers to determine the causal relationship of organizational effectiveness higher level productivity with several variables. Among them organizational culture have well been under the consideration by the researchers. The increase in the research The intensification of research on organizational effectiveness has led to the formulation of theories about factors within an organization that can make a difference in performance. Organizational culture is one such variable that has received much attention in organizational behavior literature (Amsa 1986; Hofstede 1986; Hofstede, Neuijen, Ohayv and Sanders 1990; Jelinek, Smircich and Hirsch 1983; Kilman, Saxton and Serpa 1985; Ouchi 1981; Owens 1987; Schein 1990; Trice and Beyer 1984). This attention is mainly because researchers has postulated that cultural factors play a key role in determining levels of organizational outcomes. A common hypothesis about this r ole suggests that if an organization possesses strong culture by exhibiting a well-integrated and effective set of specific values, beliefs, and behavior patterns, then it will perform at a higher level of productivity (Dennison 1984). The development of theory to guide the definition of organizational culture, therefore, is of primary importance to improving organizational performance, espe- cially because the variables which comprise culture have been postulated to be under the control of organizational leaders (Deal and Kennedy 1982, Ouchi 1981, Owens 1987, Siepert and Likert 1973). Despite concern with achieving improved organizational productivity through fo- cusing on the development of cohesive organizational culture, determining the parameters of this construct has been problematic. The literature on organizational culture taps essential ideas, but the theory and technology to utilize the theory in improving organizations have remained fuzzy (Mackenzie 1986). As Trice and Be yer (1984) have argued, previous research on organizational culture has tended to focus on single, discrete elements of culture, while ignoring the multidimensional nature of culture, that is, a construct composed of several intimately interrelated variables (Schein 1990). Another problem has been that researchers are still not sure whether the association between culture and organizational performance reflects a cause-effect type of relationship (Saffold 1988). In fact, researchers have not really identified what specific variables comprise an effective organizational culture, nor have they provided convincing empirical evidence to suggest that if leaders in organizations increased the amount of time and quality of energy devoted to developing a particular type of organizational culture, then an organization would perform at a higher level of productivity (Barney 1986). There is presently little agreement, therefore, about what the concept of organizational culture means or how it should be observed and measured (Schein 1990). Because of the lack of agreement concerning theoretical formulations about organizational culture, its delineation, and its possible relationship to performance outcomes, no significant body of empirical research exists. Instead, researchers have primarily focused on defining and describing the variables of organizational culture and cautiously suggested a possible relationship between organizational culture and outcomes (Owens 1987). As Mackenzie (1986) argues, organizational culture as a concept may be a useful means of assessing the congruency of the organizations goals, strategies and task organization, and resulting outcomes. Without valid and reliable measures of the critical aspects of organizational culture, however, state- ments about its importance and effect on performance will continue to be based on speculation, personal observations, and case studies (Uttal 1983). As a consequence, management strategies and programs to cre ate organizational change through under- standing the organizations environment and strategically manipulating aspects of its culture will continue to be poorly focused and difficult to implement and evaluate.

The Category of the Individual Essay -- Sociology Sociological Papers

The Category of the Individual In The Order of Things, Michel Foucault argues that there is a "pure experience of order and its modes of being" (Foucault xxi), that order exists and that it is necessary. Foucault is concerned with language because it is a mode by which we maintain order in the world, and according to his argument, what we should fear are heterotopias, which "undermine language," "make it impossible to name this and that," "shatter or tangle common names," and "destroy 'syntax' in advance" (Foucault xviii). When Foucault refers to 'syntax,' he is not just talking about our method of constructing sentences but "also that less apparent syntax which causes words and things (next to and also opposite one another) to 'hold together'" (Foucault xviii). In other words, there is need for us to take into account how the things in our world are related to each other. One of the ways in which we do this is through the method of categorization, which allows us to organize our world according to similarities an d differences. However, Foucault stresses us to be cautious, to realize that "we shall never succeed in defining a stable relation of contained to container between each of these categories and that which includes them all" (Foucault xvii). An all-inclusive category does not exist; it cannot exist. Foucault insists on the need to pay attention to what is present in the "empty space, the interstitial blanks separating all these entities from one another" (Foucault xvi). It is not that language is inadequate; it is just that we must be conscious of not only what is stated but also what is not directly stated, what is contained inside language and what is outside language. When we organize the things in the world in... ...gle words. I don't believe in 'sadness,' 'joy,' or 'regret.' Maybe the best proof that language is patriarchal is that it oversimplifies feeling" (Eugenides 217). We must realize that the only "normal" that exists is what is "normal" to the individual, to us. Our categories do not define us; we define ourselves. Through our experiences, we create identities that are unique to us, and we, as "others," must learn to value our individual experiences because that is where the answer is, where it always has been. Works Cited: Eugenides, Jeffrey. Middlesex. New York: Picador, 2002. Foucault, Michel. The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences. New York: Vintage Books. Moraga, Cherrà ­e. "The Breakdown of the Bicultural Mind." Names We Call Home: Autobiography on Racial Identity. Eds. Becky Thompson and Sangeeta Tyagi. New York: Routledge.

The Case Of Chronic Gastritis Health And Social Care Essay

IntroductionIn the fast-paced, acute attention scenes, the nursing program should reflect on a client ‘s state of affairs and supply appropriate and thoughtful nursing intercessions. Therefore, it is of import that the nurses are decently trained and develop real-life, real-time scenarios for a fake clinical scene. Throughout the history of medical scenes, the functions and maps of nurses are capable for alterations with an purpose to command the client or patients ‘ wellness results. And based on the nursing intercessions applied, the intervention or medicine that is involved in the nursing program should match to the program of attention which may affect the coaction of wellness attention squad and the household of the client. The alterations in nursing functions has been discussed by many research workers and concluded that the chief aim is to develop their consciousness of peculiar functions. In add-on, the client ‘s position may alter, asking a new program of a ttention. With these alterations, the nurses may meet troubles within the infirmary scenes.BackgroundThe client is enduring in n abdominal hurting and is declared to be gastritis which is characterized with java land purging and HB beads. â€Å" Coffee land † puke reveals that the blood has been in the tummy for some clip and has been changed by stomachic secernments. Gastritis is redness of the stomachic mucous membrane caused by any of several conditions, including infection, E-coli, drugs ( NSAIDs, intoxicant ) , emphasis, and autoimmune phenomena ( atrophic gastritis ) . Gastritis consequences of a dislocation in stomachic mucosal barrier wherein the tummy tissue unprotected from auto-digestion by Hydrochloric Acid ( HCl acid ) and pepsin. There is a possibility for the internal bleeding because of the break in the capillary walls in the blood vass. In the medical appraisal on the client, it is discovered that he/she is enduring in Chronic Gastritis ( Type B ) because of the Helicobacter Pylori infection. This means that the client has a obscure ailment of epigastric hurting that is relieved by nutrient, marks of anorexia, nausea/vomiting, intolerance of fatso and spicy nutrients, baneful anaemia, and has a high hazard for stomachic malignant neoplastic disease. There are many hazard factors involved in the Gastritis such as the usage of drugs, the life style and diet like the ingestion of intoxicant and spicy nutrients, the environment ( radiation and smoke ) , pathophysiologic conditions ( Burnss, nephritic failure, sepsis ) and others like emphasis. However, the Chronic Gastritis is different from the Acute Gastritis because of the presence of micro-organisms Helicobacter pylori which may play an of import function in Chronic Gastritis because it promotes the dislocation of stomachic mucosal barrier.Literature ReviewAs portion of the action of some infirmary scenes, the development of clinical experiences of nurses can be used as portion of the evidence-based pattern in such countries as cardiac catheterisation labs, endoscopy units, and exigency sections, which offer few benefits for scholars or nurses. Clinical observations provide limited chances to larn job resolution, and they are used often as a manner to diminish student-faculty Nu mberss in the clinical sphere ( Smith, 2009 ) . To analyze the status of the client, it is advised to use the procedure of Esophagogastroduodenoscopy ( EGD ) which is the best method for analyzing upper GI conditions. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy may be abbreviated EGD or OGD if one uses the British spelling ‘oesophago- ‘ . In medical scenes, the nursing practicians are trained in such plans including the EGD process with an purpose to larn the proficient accomplishments as use of EGD and cognitive accomplishments like reading of stomachic findings. It is of import that the nurses have the proficient competence to find the appropriate methods in intervention and medicine ( Park, et al. , 2010 ) . Within the Endoscopic Nursing, endoscopic processs are performed by nurses under supervising of an experient supervisor or medical professional of the endoscopy unit. During OGD, the relationship between the gastroesophageal junction ( GEJ ) and the squamocolumnar junction ( SCJ ) was carefully noted. The tummy and duodenum were carefully inspected for the presence of peptic ulcer disease. The process enables the medical pracititioner to analyze the liner of the GI piece of land by get downing a tubing utilizing a thin flexible tubing with its ain lens and light beginning or picture endoscope ( NHS, 2003 ; Unal, et al. , 2006 ) . The processs are performed to measure symptoms of relentless upper abdominal hurting, sickness, emesis, and trouble in get downing or shed blooding from the upper GI piece of land. The OGD is more accurate than x-ray movies for observing redness, ulcers, or tumors of the gorge, tummy and duodenum. Upper endoscopy can observe early malignant neoplastic disease and can separate between benign and malignant ( cancerous ) conditions when biopsies ( little tissue samples ) of leery countries are obtained. Biopsies, nevertheless, are taken for many grounds and do non needfully intend that malignant neoplastic disease is suspected. A assortment of instruments can besides be passed through the endoscope that allow many abnormalcies to be treated straight with small or no uncomfortableness, for illustration, stretching narrowed countries, taking polyps ( normally benign growings ) or handling upper GI hemorrhage. Safe and effectual control of hemorrhage has reduced the demand for transfusions and surgery in many patients.PreparationThe client ‘s tummy must be wholly empty and must compel non to eat or imbibe, which include H2O for about 4 hours before the scrutiny . The doctor will be more specific about the clip to get down fasting, depending on the clip of twenty-four hours that your trial is arranged. It is of import that the patient should supply the information sing the current medicines. In instance that there are needed medicines, accommodations should be made before the trial most specifically, if the client has major jobs in bosom or lung status that might necessitate particular attending during the process. Part of the readying for endoscopy is to set up the duties within the circle of the household. Here, the support of the household members is needed. The client, if necessary, will be given depressants that may impact the client ‘s judgement and physiological reactions for the undermentioned 24 hours. There are bounds in the normal activities, although the client will non experience tired, it is non advised to make heavy undertakings without the company of other household member. The client can restart normal activities after 24h following endoscopy.During the OGD ProcedureThe doctor will reexamine the client ‘s state of affairs and the nurse is expected to be at that place to steer the client and support him every bit good during the process. The nursing program starts in the admittance of the client in the infirmary and to instantly response on the demands of the patient. Therefore, it is of import that the nurses will showcase the competent nursing attention that can me rely happen when client beliefs and values are thoughtfully and skilfully incorporated into nursing attention programs. Since lovingness is the nucleus of nursing, a competent nurse can administrate the nursing program and execution for the patient to accomplish the positive result. Other alternate trials may be given if the medical professionals assessed that the process might bespeak possible complications. The nurse will explicate the beginning of the process and make an option available for the client such as spraying the client ‘s pharynx with a local anesthetic before the trial begins and/or may be given medicine through a vena that can assist the client relax during the trial. Throat spray has the advantage of enabling the client to remain awake and in full control during the trial. In add-on it may be safer in patients with cardiac or respiratory jobs. However, the client may happen the trial more uncomfortable if they are to the full awake, hence, sedation has the adv antage of doing you more relaxed, and may even fall asleep during the trial and therefore you will hold small remembrance of the trial itself. Sedation nevertheless, may somewhat increase the hazard of cardiac or respiratory complications in susceptible patients. Occasionally the doctor may urge a combination of pharynx spray and sedation if the process is likely to last longer that norm. The nursing practician is expected to explicate the pros and cons of sedation versus pharynx spray to client which makes the determination sagely. Following sedation or pharynx spray the endoscope is passed through the oral cavity and so in bend through the gorge, tummy and duodenum. The OGD does non interfere with the client ‘s external respiration during the trial but most patients consider the trial to be merely somewhat uncomfortable. However, at the terminal of the process, the nurse, who is the closest individual to the clients, can help the client and supervise the endoscopy country until most of the effects of the medicine have worn off. The nurse will assist the client to get by with the alterations and pointing the effects of OGD. Partss of the alterations that may look are the feeling of sore pharynx and bloated feeling because of the air introduced into the tummy during the trial. The client, under the nursing attention program is advised to decelerate restart the a ctivities until eventually reached the recovery and restart the diet after the client leave the infirmary unless the client is instructed otherwise. Therefore, the nurse ‘s action for attention extends by educating the household members sing the status of the client and giving appropriate nursing intercessions.Possible ComplicationsOGD is by and large safe and complications can happen but are rare when doctors, sawboness or nurse endoscopists with specialized preparation and experience perform the trial. Bleeding may happen from a biopsy site or where a polyp has been removed. It is normally minimum and seldom requires blood transfusions or surgery. Localised annoyance of the vena where the medicine was injected may seldom do a stamp ball enduring for a few yearss, but this will finally travel off. Other possible hazards include a reaction to the depressants used and complications from bosom or lung diseases. Major complications, e.g. , perforation ( a tear that might necessit ate surgery for fix ) and aspiration pneumonia are really uncommon, Upper GI endoscopies may affect a little hazard to coronate dentitions or dental bridgework. It is of import that the client can recognize early marks of any possible complication such as holding a febrility after the trial, have problem swallowing, or have increasing pharynx, thorax, or abdominal hurting. In any instance, the client should allow the doctors know about it quickly ( NHS, 2003 ) .The Case of Chronic GastritisHelicobacter PyloriIn the finding of Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) , the infection is recognized to be the most of import acquired factor in the etiology of ulcers of the tummy and duodenum. However, the infection does non look to predispose to gastro-esophageal reflux disease ( GERD ) and some grounds indicates a possible protective consequence. The hypothesis is that the presence of H. pylori may protect against the development of GERD by stamp downing stomachic sourness via the neutralizing consequence of bacterial ammonium hydroxide production and principal gastritis induced by relentless H. pylori infection ( Unal, et al. , 2006 ) . Helicobacter Pylori is a spiral-shaped Gram-negative bacteria found in colonised stomachic mucous membrane or disciple to the epithelial liner of the tummy. The surplus of the bacterium causes uninterrupted stomachic redness in virtually all septic individuals. The infection is acquired via consumption orally and can be transmitted during childhood in most instances. H. pylori are the cause of most instances of Peptic Ulcer Disease ( PUD ) and chronic gastritis. If the client ignored the marks of either PUD or gastritis, there is a hazard that the status might take to stomachic malignant neoplastic disease ( Suzawa, 2008 ) . There are several surveies show H pylori obliteration may better gastritis and superficial epithelial harm but grade of enteric metaplasia ( alteration in signifiers ) and wasting did non happened. Treating H pylori has been associated with decrease in cell proliferation, declaration of redness, disappearing of hyperplastic polyps, standardization of apoptotic ra tes, and arrested development of glandular wasting enteric metaplasia ( Lee, 2007 ) .Medicine and Treatment ManagementPart of the nursing program is to use the appropriate medicine. Since the client demonstrated the Chronic Gastritis, with the presence of H pylori, there are two types of intervention which are the nonsurgical direction and surgical positions, that are available and the determination of medicine is based on the judgement of the doctor. Under the nonsurgical direction, the primary intervention is based on the designation and riddance of causative factors, and can be applied by drug therapy ( Vitamin B12, Triple therapy for H. pylori infection, etc ) or other therapies like the diet therapy, emphasis decrease and avoiding alcoholic drinks. On the other manus, the surgery is identified to be advisable and referred as the frequent solution for peptic ulcer disease. Although the surgery minimizes the complications of the disease, there are medical research workers detailing that the impact of H pylori has led to a tendency towards minimal art in surgical therapy. In add-on to the alterations in patient attention, these developments have had an impact on the preparation of sawboness and nurses. Gastritis literally means redness of the tummy. Chronic gastritis is most normally due to H pylori infection and in most of the instances is symptomless and there is hapless correlativity between symptoms and chronic H pylori infections with chronic redness. But surgery plays no function in this instance. However, if the chronic gastritis is assessed to be duodenal reflux or gall reflux gastritis, the instance may be self-generated or secondary to prior stomachic surgery. On OGD, the clients have bile in the tummy, erythematous chev rons or spots and sometimes mucosal hydrops. Treatment with mucosal protective agents, prokinetic agents, and binders of gall salts has been let downing. Surgical therapy consists of recreation of bile off from the tummy ( Lipo, Shapiro, & A ; Kozol, 2006 ) .

Battle of Bennington - American Revolution

Battle of Bennington - American Revolution The Battle of Bennington was fought during the American Revolution (1775-1783).  Part of the Saratoga Campaign, the Battle of Bennington took place on August 16, 1777. Commanders Armies: Americans Brigadier General John StarkColonel Seth Warner2,000 men British Hessian Lieutenant Colonel Friedrich BaumLieutenant Colonel Heinrich von Breymann1,250 men Battle of Bennington - Background During the summer of 1777, British Major General John Burgoyne advanced down the Hudson River valley from Canada with the goal of splitting the rebellious American colonies in two. After winning victories at Fort Ticonderoga, Hubbardton, and Fort Ann, his advance began to slow due to treacherous terrain and harassment from American forces. Running low on supplies, he ordered Lt. Colonel Friedrich Baum to take 800 men to raid the American supply depot at Bennington, VT. Upon leaving Fort Miller, Baum believed there to be only 400 militia guarding Bennington. Battle of Bennington - Scouting the Enemy While en route, he received intelligence that the garrison had been reinforced by 1,500 New Hampshire militiamen under the command of Brigadier General John Stark. Outnumbered, Baum halted his advance at the Walloomsac River and requested additional troops from Fort Miller. In the meantime, his Hessian troops built a small redoubt on the heights overlooking the river. Seeing that he had Baum outnumbered, Stark began to reconnoiter the Hessian position on August 14 and 15. On the afternoon of the 16th, Stark moved his men into position to attack. Battle of Bennington - Stark Strikes Realizing that Baums men were spread thin, Stark ordered his men to envelop the enemys line, while he assaulted the redoubt from the front. Moving to the attack, Starks men were able to quickly rout Baums Loyalist and Native American troops, leaving only the Hessians in the redoubt. Fighting valiantly, the Hessians were able to hold their position until they ran low on powder. Desperate, they launched a saber charge in an attempt to break out. This was defeated with Baum mortally wounded in the process. Trapped by Starks men, the remaining Hessians surrendered. As Starks men were processing their Hessian captives, Baums reinforcements arrived. Seeing that the Americans were vulnerable, Lt. Colonel Heinrich von Breymann and his fresh troops immediately attacked. Stark quickly reformed his lines to meet the new threat. His situation was bolstered by the timely arrival of Colonel Seth Warners Vermont militia, which aided in repulsing von Breymanns assault. Having blunted the Hessian attack, Stark and Warner counterattacked and drove von Breymanns men from the field. Battle of Bennington - Aftermath Impact During the Battle of Bennington, the British Hessians suffered 207 killed and 700 captured to only 40 killed and 30 wounded for the Americans. The victory at Bennington aided in the subsequent American triumph at Saratoga by depriving Burgoynes army of vital supplies and provided a much-needed​ morale boost for the American troops on the northern frontier.

History and Geography of the Florida Keys

History and Geography of the Florida Keys The Florida Keys are a series of islands extending from the southeastern tip of Florida. They begin about 15 miles (24 km) south of Miami and extend out toward the southwest and then west toward the Gulf of Mexico and the uninhabited Dry Tortugas islands. Most of the islands making up the Florida Keys are within the Florida Straits, a body of water located between the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. The most populated city in the Florida Keys is Key West; many other areas are sparsely populated. Early Days of the Florida Keys The first inhabitants of the Florida Keys were Native American tribes: the Calusa and Tequesta. Juan Ponce de Leon, who arrived in Florida in about 1513, was one of the first Europeans to find and explore the islands. His attempts to colonize the region for Spain was soundly defeated by the Native people. Over time, Key West began to grow into Floridas largest town due to its proximity to Cuba and the Bahamas and a trade route to New Orleans. In their early days, Key West and the Florida Keys were a major part of the areas wrecking industry- an industry associated with the frequent shipwrecks in the area. In 1822, the Keys (along with the rest of Florida) became an official part of the United States. By the early 1900s, however, Key Wests prosperity began to decline as better navigational techniques reduced area shipwrecks. In 1935 the Florida Keys were struck by one of the worst hurricanes to ever hit the United States. On September 2nd of that year, the hurricane winds of over 200 miles per hour (320 km/hr) hit the islands and a storm surge of over 17.5 feet (5.3 m) quickly flooded them. The hurricane killed over 500 people and the Overseas Railway (constructed in the 1910s to connect the islands) was damaged and service stopped. A highway, called the Overseas Highway later replaced the railway as the main form of transportation in the area. The Conch Republic Throughout much of their modern history, the Florida Keys have been a convenient  area for drug smugglers and illegal immigration. As a result, the U.S. Border Patrol began a series of roadblocks on the bridge from the Keys to the mainland to search cars returning to Floridas mainland in 1982. This roadblock later began to hurt the economy of the Florida Keys as it delayed tourists going to and from the islands. Because of the resultant economic struggles the mayor of Key West, Dennis Wardlow, declared the city as independent and renamed it the Conch Republic on April 23, 1982. The citys secession lasted only a short time however and Wardlow eventually surrendered. Key West also still remains a part of the U.S. Islands of the Keys Today the total land area of the Florida Keys is 137.3 square miles (356 sq km) and in total there are over 1700 islands in the archipelago. However, very few of these are populated and most are very small. Only 43 of the islands are connected via bridges. In total there are 42 bridges connecting the islands but the Seven Mile Bridge is the longest. Because there are so many islands within the Florida Keys they are often divided into several different groups. These groups are the Upper Keys, the Middle Keys, the Lower Keys,  and the Outlying Islands. The Upper Keys are those located the farthest north and closest to Floridas mainland and the groups extend out from there. The city of Key West is located in the Lower Keys. The Outer Keys consist of islands that are accessible only by boat. Hurricanes and Flooding The climate of the Florida Keys is tropical, as is the southern part of the state of Florida. However, because of the islands location between the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico, they are very prone to hurricanes. Because the islands have low elevations, are surrounded by water, and flooding from the storms surges can easily affect large areas of the Keys, hurricanes can be especially problematic. Evacuation orders are regularly put into place due to flood threats. Coral Reefs and Biodiversity Geologically, the Florida Keys are made up of the  main exposed parts of  coral reefs. Some of the islands have been exposed for so long that sand has built up around them, creating barrier islands while other smaller islands remain as coral atolls. Additionally, there is also still a large coral reef offshore of the Florida Keys in the Florida Straits. This reef is called the Florida Reef and it is the third largest barrier reef in the world.   The Florida Keys are a highly biodiverse area because of the presence of coral reefs as well as undeveloped forested areas. Dry Tortugas National Park is located about 70 miles (110 km) from Key West and, since those islands are uninhabited, they are some of the most well preserved and protected areas in the world. The waters around the islands are home to the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Because of its biodiversity, ecotourism is becoming a large part of the Florida Keys economy. Other forms of tourism and fishing are the major industries of the islands.

The Double Door between Monsters and Heroes Essay

The Double Door between Monsters and Heroes - Essay Example ets, Harry, Hermione and Ron not only solve the strange affairs which involved Hogwarts’ students being attacked, but they also become heroes by struggling and conquering obstacles. Through the movie, Rowling effectively informs the viewers about the differences between heroes and monsters although the author’s style is quite subtle compared to what most viewers and readers understand about the subject matters. Because Rowling’s monster type is a little different from the normal status quo monster, it is beneficial to first learn about the qualities of traditional monsters. According to Hugh Chisholm (739), monsters are described as â€Å"species of animals or humans which are sporadically malformed in whole or in part, such as teratology, redundant chromosome number and nuclear mutation†. In the 1998 edition of Godzilla (Rickitt 74-76), because of nuclear radiation, â€Å"Godzilla grows into a robust, erect-standing, reptilian sea monster from an ectomorph, digitigrade bipedal iguana-like creature.†(Chisholm 739-741) Additionally, in the movie, Godzilla ruthlessly slaughters the innocent and he insanely destroys all of New York City. For instance, there is an impressive scene in which a five-year-old girl cries and looks like she is begging Godzilla not to hurt her but the monster still steps on her. However, because of the fact that Godzilla’s brain has not co mpletely developed, human beings are able to overthrow him by sacrificing the entire city. People call Godzilla a monster because of his humungous size, gruesome appearance and seemingly unbreakable body. In addition, he is characterized as ruthless, horrible, dangerous and different in all ways from human beings. The monster in the movie Godzilla is horrific, awful and unwise; completely different from a person. However, in Rowling’s series, the monsters take the form of human beings with more peculiar appearance, character and demeanor. In Harry Potter, the monsters are gorgeous just like Lord

Corporate Social Responsibility and the Law Case Study

Corporate Social Responsibility and the Law - Case Study Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that there were very good strategies that were applied by Enron Corporation in accounting and this made it be ranked among the top ten largest companies in the United States. From the previous trend that was recorded by the company, it was anticipated that it was to dominate in business transactions it carried out. It had very a milestone in such transactions whereby it had conducted trade in weather preparedness and security, power, and communications. In contrary to many expectations and hopes of the people of the United States and the world at large, it turned to be a legend in failure that is outspoken up-to-date. Policies are a set of principles of action adopted or proposed by an organization. They are tools of management whose absence leads to consequences as severe as the collapse of the organization. Business organizations run on a primary objective of maximizing profitability. However, in doing this it is unders tandable that the organizations exist within the society and must, therefore, operate in accordance with the norms of morality and ethical provisions as set by the society. The organizations interact with the society in their everyday production endeavors, some of the key modes of the organization- society interaction include, the recruitment of personnel. The collapse of the company apart from recording the highest form of bankruptcy has triggered a myriad of unanswered questions and behind the bar scenes that ought to unraveled to help in the implementation of preventive mechanisms incorporations of the same type, to deter the occurrence of such incidences. This historical happening contradicts the code of ethics of the corporation. Most of its ethics were easy to be followed and almost all the employees confirmed to them. In case of misunderstanding and disagreement, the legal committee or the supervisors were to be contacted for clarification. Enron had policies which were imple mented under the supervision of the management board. The policies included the principles that protected human rights. The policies clarified further on the secrets of the company concerning trade businesses and information that was supposed to be censured hence be kept as confidential information. There was also provision of additional information on the penalties of workers who misbehaved. The core values of the company were excellence, communication, integrity and respect. In excellence, their aim was to produce the best and to progressively move from where they have been before. There major purpose in communication was to ensure that there existed smooth flow of information among people. They were supposed worked with people in an open, sincere and faithful way in fulfillment of their integrity. Moreover, the company was supposed to treat everybody within a human way. According to the company’s manual, ruthless treatment, arrogance, abuse and disrespectful handling of pe ople was prohibited. The manual of their codes of conduct that was delivered to all workers stated that; the company was working hard to ensure that all the business transactions are conducted in accordance with both local and international regulations. The section clearly emphasized that the company was to observe the act of free corrupt practices of the United States, but this was not the case. Unfortunately enough, from the findings these codes of conduct and policies were only put only on papers, manuals and booklets to show to the public and the regulating authorities that they are existing in the company.